Phaedrus

    Phaedrus: (as Lysias, cont.)

    toward the potential (dunamis)
    of their own
    they write well (eu poiein)

    /

    according to the ability (dunamis)
    of their own
    they do benefactions (eu poiein)

    // 231α

    πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν τὴν αὑτῶν εὖ ποιοῦσιν

    //

    Phaedrus: (as Lysias, cont.)

    as they
    have deliberated best
    about their own things (oikeios)

    // 231α

    ὡς ἂν ἄριστα περὶ τῶν οἰκείων βουλεύσαιντο

    //

    Phaedrus: (as Lysias, cont.)

    for not by force but willingly

    // 231α

    οὐ γὰρ ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης ἀλλ᾽ ἑκόντες

    //

    upon reflection this poem was influenced by a question received via email, “how did you come to learn Ancient Greek?”

    Phaedrus: (as Lysias, cont.)

    but for these
    there is no time
    in which it is fitting
    to change their mind (meta-gignoskein)

    // 231α

    τοῖς δὲ οὐκ ἔστι χρόνος ἐν ᾧ μεταγνῶναι προσήκει

    //

    Phaedrus: (as Lysias, cont.)

    for those (erastes/lovers?)
    then regret (meta-melomai)
    what they may have well made (eu poiein)

    whenever they cease from desire (epithumia)

    // 231α

    ὡς ἐκείνοις μὲν τότε μεταμέλει ὧν ἂν εὖ ποιήσωσιν ἐπειδὰν τῆς ἐπιθυμίας παύσωνται

    //

    poiein can mean to make or to do; so eu poiein (“well made”) may refer to good poetry or to “benefactions” (implicitly, favors or gifts from a lover).

    Phaedrus: (as Lysias, so far)

    about (peri)
    my acts (pragmata)
    you know (epistamai)

    and as i practice (nomizein)
    the bringing together (sumpherein)
    by us

    you have heard (akouein)
    these (acts)
    having been born (gignomai)

    and (it is or i deem it) not worthy (axio)
    (that) i lack (deomai) (the worth of) these
    miss-happening (a-tuchein)
    through this

    that i do not happen (ouk tugchanein)
    to be being (on)
    your lover (erastes)

    // 230ε - 231a

    περὶ μὲν τῶν ἐμῶν πραγμάτων ἐπίστασαι

    καὶ ὡς νομίζω συμφέρειν ἡμῖν

    γενομένων τούτων ἀκήκοας

    ἀξιῶ δὲ μὴ διὰ τοῦτο ἀτυχῆσαι ὧν δέομαι

    ὅτι οὐκ ἐραστὴς ὤν σου τυγχάνω

    Phaedrus: (cont.) that i do not happen to be your lover;

    // 231α

    ὅτι οὐκ ἐραστὴς ὤν σου τυγχάνω

    //

    Lysias at the beach

    in so deep shade those eyes
    against the slivering salt

    a nose by greasy telescope
    for seashell circumstance

    burnrise like blood under the skin
    slow sting of a swollen onion

    behind the slanted brim
    and belly-teeth of a sunhat

    a braided tongue is licking
    your inner ear

    //

    haggis interruptus, she said!?
    that dizzy Lyzzias, and oh,
    yes, and
    the zest

    Phaedrus: (cont.)

    and (it is or i deem it) not worthy (axio)
    (that) i lack (deomai) (the worth of) these

    to miss-happen (a-tuchein)
    through this

    // 230ε

    ἀξιῶ δὲ μὴ διὰ τοῦτο ἀτυχῆσαι ὧν δέομαι

    //

    Phaedrus: (cont.)

    and as i practice (nomizein)
    to bring together (sumpherein)
    by us

    you have heard (akouein)
    these (acts)
    having been born (gignomai)

    // 230ε

    καὶ ὡς νομίζω συμφέρειν ἡμῖν γενομένων τούτων ἀκήκοας

    //

    sumpherein means literally to bring together; used impersonally, it can mean to be useful or advantageous

    //

    Phaedrus: (cont., as Lysias)

    about (peri) my acts (pragmata)
    you know (epistamai)

    // 230ε

    περὶ μὲν τῶν ἐμῶν πραγμάτων
    ἐπίστασαι

    //

    Phaedrus: then hear!

    // 230ε

    ἄκουε δή

    //

    Socrates: (cont.) take this and read

    // 230δ

    τοῦθ᾽ ἑλόμενος ἀναγίγνωσκε

    //

    Socrates: (cont.) and you, in whatever pose (schema) you suppose is easiest to read

    // 230δ

    σὺ δ᾽ ἐν ὁποίῳ σχήματι οἴει ῥᾷστα ἀναγνώσεσθαι

    //

    schema means form, shape, figure (in dance, geometry, etc.), appearance, manner, posture (athletic, military), character, role, dress.

    the word for “to read” is anagignoskein, which shares a root with suggignoskein; it means literally to know again or to recognize, i.e., to recognize the written words.

    & reading is done outloud

    //

    Socrates: (cont.) i seem to me about to lie down

    // 230δ

    ἐγὼ μέν μοι δοκῶ κατακείσεσθαι

    //

    dokein has a range of meanings (to seem, to expect, to imagine, to opine, including colloquial use with senses of seeming fitness, seemly-ness, or decided-upon-ness), permitting many translations. Here, re-iterated first-person pronouns, in the nominative (ego, which is extra performative in AG) and dative (moi) cases, fold an active-voice verb (conjugated for indicative or subjunctive mood) into a dramatized and hypothetical middle voice. The verb is doing three-ish things at once —

    expressing internal seeming
    gesturing approval
    conditioning commitment

    At the same time, the infinitive katakeisesthai (middle voice, to lie down) is in future tense, which is impossible to translate neatly into English. Here, the meaning seems less about abstract futurity and more about intention-in-formation. So the subject is watching itself decide to be on the brink of lying down. Lying down is (in turn) an embodied passivity. The speech isn’t a demonstration of self-as-self-knowledge, but something strangely analogous: a demonstration of self-as-self-seeming in its self-conditioned intention to release embodied intention.

    Leaving an aphoristic original and inherently unstable translation —

    i seem to me about to lie down
    i pretend to me (i) will lie down
    i seem seemly for me to lie down
    i seem (good) to me to lie down
    i opine it (fit) for me to lie down
    i resolve for myself to lie down
    i feel to me like lying down
    methinks i shall lie down
    i expect for me to lie down
    i imagine myself about to lie down
    i dream myself about to lie down
    oopsie, i’m about to lie down
    etc.

    //

    Socrates: (cont.) so now having arrived here into present being (pareimi)

    // 230δ

    νῦν δ᾽ οὖν ἐν τῷ παρόντι δεῦρ᾽ ἀφικόμενος

    //

    Socrates: (cont.) so you, stretching out speeches (logos) before me in scrolls (biblion), appear ready to lead me around (periagein) all of Attica and wherever else you wish

    // 230δ

    σὺ ἐμοὶ λόγους οὕτω προτείνων ἐν βιβλίοις τήν τε Ἀττικὴν φαίνῃ περιάξειν ἅπασαν καὶ ὅποι ἂν ἄλλοσε βούλῃ

    //

    treating emoi (to/for/by me) as a dative of agent makes possible an alternate translation -

    so you, stretching out speeches by me in scrolls, appear ready to bring me around all of Attica and wherever else you wish

    //

    yesterday i translated thremmata as goats; but it could mean any kind of kept animal, including human slaves

    Socrates: (cont.) for just as they lead hungry goats by holding out and shaking a young shoot or some fruit

    // 230δ

    ὥσπερ γὰρ οἱ τὰ πεινῶντα θρέμματα θαλλὸν ἤ τινα καρπὸν προσείοντες ἄγουσιν

    //

    Socrates: (cont.) you however seem to me to have found the drug (pharmakon) of my exodus

    // 230δ

    σὺ μέντοι δοκεῖς μοι τῆς ἐμῆς ἐξόδου τὸ φάρμακον ηὑρηκέναι

    //

    Socrates: (cont.) unlike the humans in the city

    // 230δ

    οἱ δ᾽ ἐν τῷ ἄστει ἄνθρωποι

    //

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